Chaining on Sloping Ground (Simple Notes) When measuring distances on a hill or slope, we always need to find the flat horizontal distance , not the actual sloped ground distance. There are two main ways to do this: 1. Direct Method (Stepping Method) In this method, you measure the flat horizontal distance directly on the field by creating small, flat steps. Best For: Short, bumpy, irregular, or gentle slopes. How it works (Step-by-Step): Start: The Follower holds the 0-end of the tape flat on the starting ground point A. Stretch: The Leader pulls a short, comfortable length of the tape forward and lifts it up until it looks perfectly flat and straight by eye judgment. Drop: Because the front end of the tape is hanging in the air, the Leader drops a plumb-bob (a weight on a string) down to find the exact vertical point on the ground. Mark & Repeat: They stick an arrow into that ground point. The Follower moves to this new arrow, and they repeat the steps all the way u...
Types of chain
Following are various types of chain in common use
1-Metric chain...
2-Gunter's chain or surveyor's chain.
3-Engineering chain.
4-Revenue chain...
5-Steel band or band chain.
Metric chain
A metric chain in surveying is a measuring tool used to determine distances in land surveying. It consists of 100 links, each link being 0.2 meters in length, totaling 20 meters. Surveyors use the metric chain by laying it out along the ground in a straight line and counting the number of chains to measure distances accurately. This method provides precise measurements crucial for mapping land, constructing buildings, and determining property boundaries. The metric chain is a fundamental instrument in the field of surveying, allowing for accurate and reliable measurements over various terrains and landscapes.
Gunter's chain
Gunter's chain is a traditional surveying instrument used for measuring distances on land. It consists of 100 links, with each link being 0.66 feet long, making the total length of the chain 66 feet. Surveyors would lay out the chain along the ground in a straight line to measure distances accurately. Gunter's chain was widely used for land surveying before the introduction of more modern measuring instruments. While it's not as commonly used today due to advancements in technology, it still holds historical significance in the field of surveying and land measurement.
Engineering chain
The engineering chain, also known as the engineer's chain, is a measuring tool used in surveying and engineering applications. It typically consists of 100 steel or brass links, with each link measuring 1 foot in length, resulting in a total length of 100 feet. Engineers use this chain to measure distances accurately in various construction and civil engineering projects, such as road construction, land development, and building layout. Despite advancements in technology, the engineering chain remains a valuable tool for obtaining precise measurements in the field, especially in situations where electronic devices may not be practical or available.
Revenue chain
The revenue chain is 33 ft long and consists of 16 links, each link being 2.06 ft long. The chain is mainly used for measuring fields in cadastral survey.
Steel band
A steel band is a long, thin strip made of steel used for measuring things. It's like a flexible ruler. It comes in a case that you can carry around easily. The steel band has numbers marked on it to show measurements, like how long something is. People use it in building and construction to measure distances, heights, and other things accurately. It's tough and can last a long time. Engineers and surveyors use it a lot because it's reliable and helps them do their jobs well. Overall, a steel band is a handy tool for getting measurements right in different projects.
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