Chaining on Sloping Ground (Simple Notes) When measuring distances on a hill or slope, we always need to find the flat horizontal distance , not the actual sloped ground distance. There are two main ways to do this: 1. Direct Method (Stepping Method) In this method, you measure the flat horizontal distance directly on the field by creating small, flat steps. Best For: Short, bumpy, irregular, or gentle slopes. How it works (Step-by-Step): Start: The Follower holds the 0-end of the tape flat on the starting ground point A. Stretch: The Leader pulls a short, comfortable length of the tape forward and lifts it up until it looks perfectly flat and straight by eye judgment. Drop: Because the front end of the tape is hanging in the air, the Leader drops a plumb-bob (a weight on a string) down to find the exact vertical point on the ground. Mark & Repeat: They stick an arrow into that ground point. The Follower moves to this new arrow, and they repeat the steps all the way u...
Reinforced cement concrete IS code for R.C.C Poison ratio Creep What is R.C.C In RCC, the concrete which is made up of cement, coarse gravel and water is reinforced with the help of steel or iron bars. R. c.c code IS 456-2000 IS 3370-2009 IRC 6-2010 PERMISSIBLE LIMITS OF IMPURITIES OF WATER IMPURITIES PERMISSIBLE LIMIT ORGANIC 200mg/l INORGANIC 3000mg/l CHLORIDES 2000 mg/l SULPHATE 400 mg/l SUSPENDED SOLID 2000 mg/ l Tensile strength of concrete F tc= 0.7√fck Modulus of elasticity Ec = 5000√fck Poisson`s ratio...