Chaining on Sloping Ground (Simple Notes) When measuring distances on a hill or slope, we always need to find the flat horizontal distance , not the actual sloped ground distance. There are two main ways to do this: 1. Direct Method (Stepping Method) In this method, you measure the flat horizontal distance directly on the field by creating small, flat steps. Best For: Short, bumpy, irregular, or gentle slopes. How it works (Step-by-Step): Start: The Follower holds the 0-end of the tape flat on the starting ground point A. Stretch: The Leader pulls a short, comfortable length of the tape forward and lifts it up until it looks perfectly flat and straight by eye judgment. Drop: Because the front end of the tape is hanging in the air, the Leader drops a plumb-bob (a weight on a string) down to find the exact vertical point on the ground. Mark & Repeat: They stick an arrow into that ground point. The Follower moves to this new arrow, and they repeat the steps all the way u...
What is Compass In surveying, a compass is an essential tool used to determine directions. It consists of a magnetic needle that aligns with the Earth's magnetic field, indicating the direction of magnetic north. Surveyors use compasses to establish bearings, which are angles measured clockwise from a reference direction, typically north. By aligning the compass needle with north, surveyors can measure angles accurately and determine the orientation of lines, boundaries, and features on a map or in the field. This information is crucial for creating accurate maps, conducting land surveys, and navigating terrain, making the compass a fundamental instrument in the field of surveying. Type of compass 1) surveyor Compass 2) prismatic compass 3) truff compass 1) surveyor Compass Surveyor Compass is an old instrument for measuring directions. It is a circular box of brass 125 mm in diameter the periphery of which has two vane...